In the present configuration, the startup time is determined by the need to start under ideal breakdown conditions and then tune to optimal conversion conditions. The system can only mitigate the intermittency if the switching time is smaller than the fluctuations in the energy supply. The CO 2 that is produced in these plants forms a closed loop so that no net CO 2 is introduced in the atmosphere, making it a clean cycle. By using these to fuel power plants, electricity can be generated even when the instantaneous production of renewable energy is low. The CO that is produced in the reactor can be used as feedstock gas for the synthesis of e.g., methane or liquid fuels. Storage (long and short term) and conversion ( e.g., into chemical fuels) are required to mitigate intermittency and to make sustainable energy available to other sectors such as transportation. However, the intermittent nature of solar and wind energy places stress on the energy system and inhibits further increasing deployments. This paper describes a protocol for a flowing microwave plasma of up to 1 kW, while measuring the plasma gas temperature and CO 2 conversion.Ĭoncerns for climate change and the consequent awareness for sustainability have driven a steady growth of the global share of renewable energy.
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